What Causes “Pool of Water” Reflections on the Road?

Q: On a cross-country trip, my husband and I started wondering about those “pool of water” reflections on the road ahead. What causes that?

A: These travelers have seen, as we all have, a very common mirage. There are two kinds of mirages: inferior and superior. Inferior means the object is displaced downward. Superior is the other way around. The road thing is an inferior mirage.

On a sunny day the surface of the road and the air just above it get very hot. The air just above that is fairly cool in comparison. Now, light travels faster through warm air than it does through cold air because warm air is less dense. Hence, when light hits that hot air just above the road surface at a certain angle, it changes speed and is bent upward. As a result

What Kind of Plant is a Tumbleweed?

Tumbleweed_rolling_2

Q: Are tumbleweeds a specific plant or is that a generic term for any dead plant that is blown around by the wind?

A: New to these parts, stranger? Actually, so are tumbleweeds, relatively speaking.

Tumbleweeds really are a specific plant, the mature form of the Russian thistle, Salsola iberica.We think of them as being a real symbol of the West: wide-open spaces and the Sons of the Pioneers and all that. The fact of the matter is tumbleweeds are immigrants from the steppes of Asia. I didn’t know that before, even though during my Wonder Bread years I spent many extremely boring hours digging them out of the ancestral estate.

How to Keep Scorpions Away from Your Home

Bark Scorpian

Q: Help! My house is overrun with scorpions, and I hate them.

A: How ungracious of you. First of all, the scorpions were here first, and secondly, they absolutely adore you.

And what do they get from you? The back of your Reebok.

And, in a way, it’s your fault there are so many of them in the first place. Well, not your fault personally, but our fault collectively.

There are about 35 species of scorpions in Arizona, but only five or six in the Phoenix area, including our personal favorite, the giant hairy scorpion.

All are venomous. That’s their stock-in-trade. But according to Marilyn Bloom, a microbiology research specialist at Arizona State University, there is only one species that really needs concern us: the bark scorpion.

Why Don’t Palm Trees Blow Down in the Wind?

Palm Trees

Q: Why don’t palm trees blow down in strong wind as often as other trees do?

A: I thought this was going to be an easy one, and I was prepared to pad it out with a lot of cheap jokes about my masters.

Instead, it got kind of complicated, so I had to cut out the jokes, which is just as well because I would have had to explain them to my masters anyway.

This is the deal: Palm trees are monocots as opposed to other trees, such as paloverdes or oaks, which are dicots.

Kim Stone, a horticulturist at the Boyce Thompson Arboretum near Superior, went to some pains to explain the differences to me. He is a very patient man.

Why is Tucson a Few Degrees Cooler than Phoenix?

Desert Sunset

Q: If Tucson and Phoenix are both in the desert, why is it always just a little bit cooler in Tucson than it is in the Valley?

A: Tucson is usually a little bit cooler than Phoenix because it is a little bit higher up. You may not actually have a sense of ascending when you drive there because you are lulled into a state of semiconsciousness because it is the most boring drive in the world.